Important Notes on Indian Culture 
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A stone sculpture of Nara Narayana has been found from the Dashavatara temple at Deogarh in Jhansi. Dashavatara Temple is an early 6th century Vishnu Hindu temple built during the Gupta period.

The Gupta period marked the beginning of the free-standing Temple Architecture in India. The rock-cut architecture reached its zenith. Some of the temples built during the Gupta period are Vishnu Temple of Tigawa Jabalpur, Shiva Temple of Bhumara, Parvati Temple of Nachria Kathura, Shiva Temple of Koh, etc.

The finest examples of the art during the Gupta period are Ajanta caves. Out of the 31 rock-cut cave monuments at Ajanta, five are Chaitya Grihas. The five chaitya grihas are cave numbers 9, 10, 19, 26, and 29.

Bhitargaon temple in Kanpur District is a great example of Gupta temples made entirely of brick. The temple at Bhitargaon has a pyramidal roof. The walls of this temple are decorated with terracotta panels.

16 Brahmanical and Jain temples were found at the small village of Osia, near Jodhpur. Eleven temples lie at the outskirts of the village and the rest are on a hill to the east of the village.

Sakatayana was a Jain writer of the 9th century A.D.He lived during the reign of  Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghavarsha. He was the founder of a new school. His main work was Sabdansusana.

An important writer on Sanskrit metres named Utpala belonged to 10th century. With regards to metrics Utpala was the only important writer on Sanskrit metres. He lived in the latter hall of the tenth century AD. 

Kumaradasa has been known by the names of Natha Kumara and Kumaradatta on the continent of India. Kumaradasa is the author of a Sanskrit Mahakavya called the Janaki-hara?a or Janaki’s abduction.

Rajashekhara was an eminent Sanskrit poet, dramatist, and critic. He was the court poet of the Gurjara Pratiharas. Rajasekhara, a great master of words, composed four dramas,viz., Balaramayana, Balabharata, Viddhasalabhanjika and Karpuramanjari.

The Medieval period is called the golden age of Sanskrit poetics. Many great poets and rhetoricians belong to the medieval period like Udbhat, Vamana, Rudrata, Anandavardhana, Ahinavagupta, and Kuntaka or Kuntala.
 Ancient Indian History Important Notes 
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 Thakuri dynasty was founded by King Amsuvarman. According to the Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta, Nepal was an autonomous frontier state, paying tribute to the Gupta power. During the 7th century, Nepal occupied the position of a buffer state between Tibet and the empire of Harsha. 

 Pratiharas who was also called Pariharas, Chauhans who was also called Chahamanas, Solankis who was also called Chalukyas, and Pawars who were also called as Paramaras were the four major clans of the Rajputs.

 Kamrup is the modern region situated between the rivers the Manas and the Barnady in Western Assam. Bhaskar-varman was the ruler of Kamarupa in the time of Harsha. The kingdoms of Kamarupa acknowledged the overlordship of the Gupta kings but retained its autonomy in internal affairs.

 The land during the Gupta period can be classified into the following groups:
 Kshetra: Cultivable land
 Khila: Waste land
 Aprahata: Jungle or forest land
 Vasti: Habitable land
 Gapata Sarah: Pasture land

 The term ‘Maukhari’ is a very ancient term. It is mentioned in Ashtadhyayi composed by Panini. The Maukharies were also subordinate rulers of the Guptas and used the title of Samanta.

 Mihir Bhoja who ruled from 836 C.E. to 885 C.E. He was one of the most successful and popular rulers of Pratiharas. He was a Devotee of Vishnu and adopted the title of ‘.’

 Vindhyashakti is considered as the founder of the  The name of Vindhyasakti is also mentioned in the Puranas. His name is derived from the name of the 

 Pravarasena was  and successor of the Vakataka Empire. He conducted wars with the Naga kings. He extended the Vakataka empire southwards into Vidarbha and adjoining areas of the Deccan.

  who belonged to Vatsagulma Branch/Line of Vakatakas ruled from c.  to 355 CE. He adopted the title . He was a renowned Prakrit poet. The Vakatakas originated in the central Deccan.

 Bengal and Bihar both were directly under the control of Dharmapala. The kingdom of Kanauj was subordinate to him. The rulers of other areas like Punjab, Rajputana, Malva and Berar acknowledged him as their overlord and also paid him homage.
भौतिक राशियॉ और उनके मात्रक 

⏣ विद्घुत धारा   ►   एम्पियर

⏣ विद्घुत प्रतिरोध   ►   ओम

⏣ शक्‍ति  ►   जूल प्रति.से या वाट

⏣ दाब    ►  पास्‍कल

⏣ विशिष्‍ट ऊष्‍मा   ►  जूल प्रति किग्रा

⏣ समय  ► सेकण्‍ड

⏣ तरंग दैर्ध्य   ►   एंगस्‍ट्रम

⏣ परम ताप   ►   केल्विन

⏣ बल   ►  न्‍यूटन

⏣ विद्घुत विभव   ►   वोल्‍ट

⏣ लम्‍बाई   ►  मीटर

⏣ ऊष्‍मा    ►  जूल

⏣ वेग    ►  मीटर प्रति सेकण्‍ड

⏣ आवृति    ►   हर्ट्ज

⏣ ऊर्जा   ►  जूल

⏣ आयतन   ►  घन मीटर

⏣ ध्‍वनि तीव्रता    ►   डेसीबल

⏣ गुप्‍त ऊष्‍मा    ►  जूल प्रति किग्रा

⏣ कार्य    ►   न्‍यूटन मी. या जूल

⏣ विद्घुत धारिता   ►  फैराड

⏣ तरंग लंबाई   ►   मीटर

⏣ चुंबकीय क्षेत्र    ►  गॉस

⏣ चुंबकीय प्रेरण   ►  गाउस

⏣ तलीय कोण   ► रेडियन

⏣ विद्घुत ऊर्जा    ►   किलोवाट घंटा

⏣ समुद्र की गहराई   ►  फैदम

⏣ विद्घुत क्षेत्र तीव्रता   ►  न्‍यूटन प्रति कूलम्‍ब

⏣ चुंबकीय फ्लक्‍स   ►  वेबर, मेक्‍सवेल

⏣ क्षेत्रफल    ►  वर्गमीटर

⏣ ज्‍योति फ्लक्‍स   ►   ल्‍यूमेन

⏣ लेंस की क्षमता    ►  डाइऑप्‍टर

⏣ संवेग/आवेग   ►   न्‍यूटन सेकण्‍ड

⏣ जडत्‍व आघूर्ण   ►  किग्रा. वर्गमी.

⏣ विद्घुत आवेश    ►  कुलम्‍ब

⏣ चुंबकीय तीव्रता   ►  टेसला

⏣ पराध्‍वनिक गति    ►  मैक

⏣ ताप   ►  केल्विन

⏣ द्रव्‍यमान   ►  किलोग्राम

⏣ पृष्‍ठ तनाव   ►   न्‍यूटन प्रति मीटर

⏣ चाल   ►  मीटर प्रति सेकण्‍ड

⏣ वायुमंडलीय दाव   ►   बार

⏣ कोणीय वेग   ►  रेडियन प्रति सेकण्‍ड

⏣ खगोलीय दूरी   ►  प्रकाश वर्ष

⏣ ज्‍योति तीव्रता   ► कैण्‍डेला

⏣ विभवांतर  ► वोल्‍ट